Self-employment of foreigners as an innovative solution on the labor market in the European Union
Abstract
The main aim of this article is to identify certain specificity in self-employment of foreigners in EU countries and to find out whether the differences in self-employment of foreigners between countries are diminishing. Within the main objective, we have set two sub-objectives. The first sub-objective is to compare EU countries on the basis of the following indicators: 1/ number of self-employed foreigners and 2/ share of self-employed foreigners in employed persons from foreign countries. The second sub-objective is to determine whether EU countries converge in the number of the share of self-employed foreigners in the number of employed persons from foreign countries. We have confirmed that the countries have a tendency to convergence in regard to the share of self-employed foreigners in employed persons from foreign countries. We assume that this tendency can also be due to the pressure of the labour market that shows a lack of labour force. The share of self-employed migrants is relatively high in Eastern Europe. On the other hand, their increase is below average compared to the EU.
Keyword : migration, self-employment, foreigners, immigrants, beta-convergence, correlation diagram, European Union
How to Cite
Navickas, V., Grmanová, E., & Gajda, W. (2020). Self-employment of foreigners as an innovative solution on the labor market in the European Union. Business: Theory and Practice, 21(1), 178-183. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2020.11727
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Bilan, Y. (2012). Specificity of border labour migration. Transformations in Business & Economics, 11(2), 82–97. http://www.transformations.knf.vu.lt/26/article/spec
Čajka, P., Jaroszewicz, M., & Strielkowski, W. (2014). Migration Incentives and Flows between Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine and the European Union: a Forecasting Model. Economics and Sociology, 7(4), 11–25. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2014/7-4/1
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Fraňková, A. (2015). Determining labour shortages and the need for labour migration from third countries in the Slovak Republic. International Organization for Migration (IOM). https://ec.europa.eu › home-affairs › sites › homeaffairs › files
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Jenkins, R., et al. (2010) International migration of doctors, and its impact on availability of psychiatrists in low and middle income countries. Plos One 4, 5(2). https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0009049
Jurčová, D. (2008). Labour migration in the Slovak Republic. http://www.infostat.sk/vdc/sk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=16&Itemid=16
Kerr, S. P., & Kerr, W. R. (2011). Economic impact of immigration: a survey. Working Paper. 09-013. Harvard Business School. www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/09-013_15702a45-fbc3-44d7-be52-477123ee58d0.pdf
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Minařík, B., Borůvková, J., & Vystrčil, M. (2013). Analýzy v regionálním rozvoji [Analyzes in Regional Development]. Příbram: Professional publishing.
OECD. (2014). Is migration good for the economy? Migration Policy Debates. file:///D:/články%20migrácia/OECD%20Migration%20Policy%20Debates%20Numero%202.pdf
Refslund, B. (2017). Sectoral variation in consequences of intra-European labour migration: how unions and structural conditions matter. Labour Mobility in the Enlarged Single European Market, 32, 73–77. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0195-631020160000032004
Reja, M. S., & Das, B. (2019). Labour migration within India: motivations and social networks. South Asia Research, 39(2), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0262728019842018
Simionescu, M., Bilan, Y., Smrčka, L., & Vincúrová, Z. (2017). The effects of European economic integration and the impact of brexit on the UK immigrants from the CEE countries. E+ M Ekonomie a Management, 20(1), 29–46. https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2017-1-003
Skibiński, A., & Rączaszek, A. (2017). Economic and demographic effects of external migration in Poland and Slovakia – some aspects. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(3), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2017.v6n3p129
Slovak Business Agency. (2019). Analysis of business conditions and employment of foreigners. http://www.sbagency.sk/sites/default/files/msp_v_cislach_v_roku_2015_0.pdf
SOPK. (2010). Guide to setting up a business and craft activity in the European Union – Netherlands. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:yoRD2Uy8vLUJ:www.sbagency.sk/sites/default/files/file/podnikanie_v_holandsku.pdf+&cd=1&hl=sk&ct=clnk&gl=sk&client=firefox-b-d
Streimikiene, D., Bilan, Y., Jasinskas, E., & Griksaite, R. (2016). Migration trends in Lithuania and other New EU Member States. Transformations in Business & Economics, 15(1), 21–33. http://www.transformations.knf.vu.lt/37/ed37.pdf
Świerczyńska, K., & Kliber, A. (2018) African emigration to Europe: social cohesion and inequality Nexus. In Economics & Sociology, 11(1), 188–204. https://www.economics-sociology.eu/files/16_12_495_%20swierczynska_kliber.pdf
Vdovtsova, S. (2008). Motivation mechanisms of youth behavior on Ukrainian labour market. Economics & Sociology, 1(1), 105–108. https://www.economics-sociology.eu/files/16.pdf
Zuk, P., Zuk, P, & Lisiewicz-Jakubaszko, J. (2019). Labour migration of doctors and nurses and the impact on the quality of health care in Eastern European countries: The Case of Poland. Economic and Labour Relations Review, 30(2), 307–320. https://doi.org/10.1177/1035304619847335