The effects of work environmental factors on job satisfaction: the mediating role of work motivation
Abstract
This paper explores how work motivation mediates the association between work environmental factors and job satisfaction. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey administered to middle and top managers in Jordanian ommercial banks. A total of 295 questionnaires were returned out of 500, with a response rate of 59%. Validity and reliability analyses were performed, and direct and indirect effects were tested using structural equation modelling. Work motivation was found to positively and significantly mediate the effects of work environmental factors on job satisfaction. This finding is attributed to work itself and its contextual factors contributing to employees’ positive feelings towards their jobs, depending on the effectiveness of their work motivation. This study fills a gap in the literature on how the psychological environment of the workplace affects work environmental factors.
Keyword : work environmental factors, work motivation, job satisfaction, job insecurity, quantitative demands
How to Cite
Suifan, T. S. (2019). The effects of work environmental factors on job satisfaction: the mediating role of work motivation. Business: Theory and Practice, 20, 456-466. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2019.42
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Ahluwalia AK, Preet K (2017) The influence of organizational commitment on work motivation: a comparative study of state and private university teachers. IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior 16 (2): 55.
Aksoy C, Sengül HI, Yilmaz Y (2018) Examination of the relationship between job satisfaction levels and organizational commitments of tourism sector employees: a research in the South Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 17 (65): 356-365. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.343032
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Alhassan RK, Spieker N, van Ostenberg P, Ogink A, Nketiah-Amponsah E, de Wit TFR (2013) Association between health worker motivation and healthcare quality efforts in Ghana. Human Resources for Health 11 (1): 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-11-37
Appu AV, Kumar Sia S (2015) Organizational social support: a predictor of employees workplace creativity. Annamalai International Journal of Business Studies & Research (Spec. 1): 1-5 http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/109025169/organizational-social-support-predictor-employees-workplace-creativity
Arsalani N, Fallahi-Khoshknab M, Ghaffari M, Josephson M, Lagerstrom M (2011) Adaptation of questionnaire measuring working conditions and health problems among Iranian nursing personnel. Asian Nursing Research 5 (3): 177-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2011.09.004
Atefi N, Abdullah KL, Wong LP, Mazlom R (2014) Factors influencing registered nurses’ perception of their overall job satisfaction: a qualitative study. International Nursing Review 61 (3): 352-360. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12112
Ayamolowo SJ (2013) Job satisfaction and work environment of primary health care nurses in Ekiti State, Nigeria: An exploratory study. International Journal of Caring Sciences 6 (3): 531.
Baron R, Kenny D (1986) The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual,strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51 (6): 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Bhattacharya SM, Sengupta N (2007) Emotional intelligence: myth or reality. New Delhi: Excel Books.
Bjorner JB, Pejtersen JH (2010) Evaluating construct validity of the second version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire through analysis of differential item functioning and differential item effect. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 38 (3_suppl): 90-105. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494809352533
Bojadjiev M, Petkovska MS, Misoska AT, Stojanovska J (2015) Perceived work environment and job satisfaction among public administration employees. The European Journal of Applied Economics 12 (1): 10-18. https://doi.org/10.5937/ejae12-8154
Bratton J, Gold J (2017) Human resource management: theory and practice (6th ed). Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58668-1
Byrne BM (2010) Structural equation modelling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York: Routledge.
Canan HOŞ, Oksay A (2015) Hemşirelerde Örgütsel Bağlılık İle İş Tatmini İlişkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 20 (4).
Clark CAC, Pritchard VE, Woodward LJ (2010) Preschool executive functioning abilities predict early mathematics achievement. Developmental Psychology 46 (5): 1176-1191. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019672
Curnin S, Owen C, Paton D, Trist C, Parsons D (2015) Role clarity, swift trust and multi‐agency coordination. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 23 (1): 29-35. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12072
Dawal SZM, Taha Z (2006) The effect of job and environmental factors on job satisfaction in automotive industries. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 12 (3): 267-280. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2006.11076687
De Cuyper N, De Witte H (2007) Job insecurity in temporary versus permanent workers: Associations with attitudes, well-being, and behaviour. Work & Stress 21 (1): 65-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370701229050
Devi KR, Rani SS (2016) The impact of organizational role stress and work family conflict: diagnosis sources of difficulty at work place and job satisfaction among women in IT Sector, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 219: 214-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.008
Elnaga AA (2012) Exploring the link between job motivation, work environment and job satisfaction. Journal of American Science 8 (11): 180-185.
Fairbrother K, Warn J (2003) Workplace dimensions, stress and job satisfaction. Journal of Managerial Psychology 18 (1): 8-21. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940310459565
Gagné M, Forest J, Vansteenkiste M, Crevier-Braud L, Van den Broeck A, Aspeli AK, Bellerose J, Benabou C, Chemolli E, Güntert ST, Halvari H (2015) The multidimensional work motivation scale: validation evidence in seven languages and nine countries. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 24 (2): 178-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2013.877892
Ganzach Y, Fried I (2012) The role of intelligence in the formation of well-being: From job rewards to job satisfaction. Intelligence 40 (4): 333-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2012.03.004
Gene Alarcon, Eschleman KJ, NA Bowling (2009) Relationships between personality variables and burnout: A meta-analysis. Work & Stress 23 (3): 244-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370903282600
Green F (2011) Unpacking the misery multiplier: How employability modifies the impacts of unemployment and job insecurity on life satisfaction and mental health. Journal of Health Economics 30 (2): 265-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.12.005
Griffin MA, Patterson MG, West MA (2001) Job satisfaction and teamwork: The role of supervisor support. Journal of Organizational Behavior 22 (5): 537-550. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.101
Hackman JR, Oldham GR (1976) Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 16 (2): 250-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(76)90016-7
Hair J, Black W, Babin B, Anderson R (2010) Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc.
Halkos G, Bousinakis D (2017) The effect of stress and dissatisfaction on employees during crisis. Economic Analysis and Policy 55: 25-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2017.04.002
Hayes AF (2013) Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Henderson LS, Stackman RW, Lindekilde R (2016) The centrality of communication norm alignment, role clarity, and trust in global project teams. International Journal of Project Management 34 (8): 1717-1730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2016.09.012
Henderson RI (2003) Compensation management in a knowledge-based world. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
House JS (1981) Work stress and social support. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Jackson SE, Schuler RS (1985) A meta-analysis and conceptual critique of research on role ambiguity and role conflict in work settings. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 36 (1): 16-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(85)90020-2
Jayaweera T (2015) Impact of work environmental factors on job performance, mediating role of work motivation: A study of hotel sector in England. International Journal of Business and Management 10 (3): 271. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v10n3p271
Kristensen TS, Bjorner JB, Christensen KB, Borg V (2004) The distinction between work pace and working hours in the measurement of quantitative demands at work. Work & Stress 18 (4): 305-322. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370412331314005
Kristensen TS, Hannerz H, Høgh A, Borg V (2005) The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire-a tool for the assessment and improvement of the psychosocial work environment. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health: 438-449. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.948
Lane KA, Esser J, Holte B, McCusker MA (2010) A study of nurse faculty job satisfaction in community colleges in Florida. Teaching and Learning in Nursing 5 (1): 16-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2009.05.001
Lee WJ, Lee JK (2017) Role clarity and organizational commitment in food manufacturing and distribution firms: the mediating role of creativity. Distribution Science Research 15: 115-121. https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.15.1.201701.115
Li KX, Yin J, Luo M, Wang J (2014) Leading factors in job satisfaction of Chinese seafarers. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics 6 (6): 680-693. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSTL.2014.064923
Lucas JW, Whitestone Y, Segal DR, Segal MW, White MA, Ve Mottern JA (2009) Social support and turnover: review and recommendations. Current Topics in Management: 49-72. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203793985-3
Muchtar M (2017) The influence of motivation and work environment on the performance of employees. Sinergi: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Manajemen 6 (2): 27-40. https://doi.org/10.25139/sng.v6i2.80
Na-Nan K, Pukkeeree P (2013) Influence of job characteristics and job satisfaction effect work adjustment for entering labor market of new graduates in Thailand. International Journal of Business and Social Science 4 (2).
Opperman CS (2002) Tropical business issues. Partner Price Water House Coopers, International Business Review.
Petreanu V, Iordache R, Seracin M (2013) Assessment of work stress influence on work productivity in Romanian companies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 92: 420-425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.695
Probst TM, Gailey NJ, Jiang L, Bohle SL (2017) Psychological capital: Buffering the longitudinal curvilinear effects of job insecurity on performance. Safety Science 100: 74-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.02.002
Rabideau ST (2005) Effects of achievement motivation on behaviour http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/rabideau.html
Raziq A, Maulabakhsh R (2015) Impact of work environment on job satisfaction. Procedia Economics and Finance 23: 717-725. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00524-9
Rosário S, Azevedo LF, Fonseca JA, Nienhaus A, Nübling M, da Costa JT (2017) The Portuguese long version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II (COPSOQ II) – a validation study. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology 12 (1): 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-017-0170-9
Ryan RM, Deci EL (2000) Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist 55: 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.55.1.68
Sarrasin B, Arseneault P, Boivin M (2017) Linking satisfaction to motivation determinants: Canadians’ travel to the Caribbean. Management & Avenir 6 (96): 123-142. https://doi.org/10.3917/mav.096.0123
Seckin-Celik T, Çoban A (2016) The effect of work stress and coping on organizational justice: an empirical investigation of Turkish telecommunications and banking industries. Management 11 (4): 271-287.
Sekaran U, Bougie R (2013) Research methods for business: a skill-building approach (6th ed). Wiley, New York.
Shrout P, Bloger N (2002) Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods 7 (4): 422-445. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.4.422
Sias PM (2009) Organizing relationships: traditional and emerging perspectives on workplace relationships. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Singh S, Sharma GD, Sharma R (2011) Effect of employee involvement in business organisation. Research Gate. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1852018
Snepenger D, King J, Marshall E, Uysal M (2006) Modeling Iso-Ahola’s motivation theory in the tourism context. Journal of Travel Research 2006: 45, 140. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287506291592
Spector PE (1997) Advanced topics in organization behaviour: job satisfaction: application, assessment, causes, and consequences. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452231549
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